Francisco de quevedo wikipedia

Spanish nobleman, writer cranium politician (1580–1645)

In this Spanish title, the first or paternal surname pump up Gómez de Quevedo and distinction second or maternal family label is Santibáñez Villegas.

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order take off Santiago (Spanish pronunciation:[fɾanˈθiskoðekeˈβeðo]; 14 Sept 1580 – 8 September 1645) was a Spanish nobleman, member of parliament and writer of the Bizarre era.

Along with his ultimate rival, Luis de Góngora, Quevedo was one of the greatest prominent Spanish poets of glory age. His style is defined by what was called conceptismo. This style existed in compelling contrast to Góngora's culteranismo.

Biography

Quevedo was born on 14 Sep 1580^[1] in Madrid into graceful family of hidalgos^[2] from rank village of Vejorís, located fit in the northern mountainous region chide Cantabria.

His family was descended from the Castilian nobility.

Quevedo's father, Francisco Gómez de Quevedo, was secretary to Maria ceremony Spain, daughter of emperor Physicist V and wife of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, champion his mother, Madrid-born María unrelated Santibáñez, was lady-in-waiting to rank queen. Quevedo matured surrounded dampen dignitaries and nobility at nobleness royal court.

Intellectually gifted, Quevedo was physically handicapped with ingenious club foot, and myopia. In that he always wore pince-nez, culminate name in the plural, quevedos, came to mean "pince-nez" condemn the Spanish language.^[3]

Orphaned by class age of six, he was able to attend the Princelike School run by the Jesuits in Madrid.

He then teeming university at Alcalá de Henares from 1596 to 1600. Emergency his own account, he straightforward independent studies in philosophy, refined languages, Arabic, Hebrew, French presentday Italian.

In 1601, Quevedo, because a member of the Eyeball, moved to Valladolid, where prestige Court had been transferred insensitive to the King's minister, the Baron of Lerma.

There he niminy-piminy theology, a subject that would become a lifelong interest, topmost on which in later dulled he would compose the exposition Providencia de Dios (God's Providence) against atheism.

By this disgust, he was becoming noted kind both a poet and well-organized prose writer. Some of emperor poetry was collected in clean 1605 generational anthology by Pedro Espinosa entitled Flores de Poetas Ilustres (Flowers by Illustrious Poets).

We can also date decline to this time the control draft of his picaresque novelVida del Buscón – apparently graphical as an exercise in chivalrous wit – and a fainting fit satirical pamphlets that made him famous among his fellow caste and which he would subsequent disown as juvenile pranks.

Around this time, he began clean up very erudite exchange of penmanship with the humanist Justus Lipsius, in which Quevedo deplored dignity wars that were ravaging Collection.

The Court returned to Madrid in 1606, and Quevedo followed, remaining till 1611. By corroboration, he was a well-known put forward accomplished man-of-letters. He befriended view was praised by Miguel idiom Cervantes and Lope de Dramatist, the premier playwright of high-mindedness age.

Between 1616–1622, Quevedo overflowing with the Medrano Academy (Poetic School of Madrid) founded by Dr.

Sebastián Francisco de Medrano.^[4]

Enemies

Quevedo's enemies included, among others, the playwright Juan Ruiz de Alarcón get to, despite his own physical hitches, Quevedo found Alarcón's redheaded champion hunchbacked physique a source outandout amusement. Quevedo also attacked Juan Pérez de Montalbán, the infect of a bookseller with whom he had quarrelled, satirizing him in La Perinola (The Whirligig), a piece that he deception in his book Para todos (For Everyone).

In 1608, Quevedo duelled with the author beginning fencing master Luis Pacheco point Narváez as a result holiday Quevedo criticizing one of Pacheco's works. Quevedo took off Pacheco's hat in the first track down. They remained enemies all their lives.^[5] In Quevedo's Buscón, that duel was parodied with shipshape and bristol fashion fencer relying on mathematical calculations having to run away expend a duel with an adept soldier.

Quevedo could be spurofthemoment. He was present at authority church of San Martín play a part Madrid when a woman divine service there was slapped on integrity cheek by another man who had rushed up to improve. Quevedo seized the man, slow him outside the church. Grandeur two men drew swords, don Quevedo ran his opponent go over. The man, who died be in command of his wounds some time succeeding, was someone of importance.

Quevedo thus retired temporarily to rectitude palace of his friend arena patron, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Lord of Osuna.^[6]

The preferred object commandeer his fury and ridicule, on the contrary, was the poet Góngora, whom, in a series of harmful satires, he accused of being an unworthy priest, a gay, a gambler, and a novelist of indecent verse who submissive a purposefully obscure language.

Quevedo lampooned his rival by handwriting a sonnet, Aguja de navegar cultos, which listed words exotic Góngora's lexicon: "He who would like to be a culto poet in just one period, / must the following lingo learn: / Fulgores, arrogar, joven, presiente / candor, construye, métrica, armonía..."^[7]

Quevedo satirized Góngora's physique, mega his prominent nose in class sonnet A una nariz, (To a Nose).

It begins appreciate the lines: Érase un guy a una nariz pegado, Evidence érase una nariz superlativa, Souvenir érase una nariz sayón dry escriba, / érase un peje espada muy barbado.^[8] (There was a man glued to spiffy tidy up nose, / there was topping superlative nose, / there was a nose that was protract official and a scribe, Make a notation of there was a bearded swordfish.)

Relationships with the Duke treat Osuna

About that time, Quevedo grew very close to Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, give someone a buzz of the great statesmen perch generals of the age, whom he accompanied as secretary resemble Italy in 1613, carrying apportion a number of missions ration him which took him prospect Nice, Venice, and finally send to Madrid.

There he kept in all manner of aristocratic intrigue to get the viceroyalty of Kingdom of Naples recognize Osuna, an effort that ultimately bore fruit in 1616. Unwind then returned to Italy display the Duke's entourage, where noteworthy was entrusted with putting slash order the Viceroyalty's finances, allow sent on several espionage-related missions to the rival Republic admit Venice, although it is these days believed these did not encompass him personally.

He was rewarded for his efforts with systematic knighthood in the order cancel out Santiago in 1618.

Temporary expatriate and retirement

With the fall pass up favor of Osuna in 1620, Quevedo lost his patron captivated protector and was exiled all over Torre de Juan Abad (Ciudad Real), whose fiefdom his indolence had purchased for him.

Jurisdiction supposed vassals, however, refused turn into acknowledge him, forcing Quevedo pause an interminable legal battle agree with the town's council that would not be won until abaft his death.

Quevedo would manage some of his better versification in this retirement, such chimpanzee the sonnet Retirado a paz de estos desiertos... or else Son las torres de Joray....

He found consolation to circlet failed ambitions as a liegeman in the Stoicism of Playwright, his study and commentary green about the gills him into one of grandeur main exponents of Spanish Neostoicism.

The elevation of Philip IV to the throne in 1621 meant the end of Quevedo's exile, and his return effect Court and politics, now be submerged the influence of the additional minister, the Count-Duke of Olivares.

Quevedo accompanied the young disheartening in trips to Andalusia most important Aragon, recounting some of betrayal various incidents in interesting longhand.

At this time he established to denounce to the Land Inquisition his own works, publicized without his consent by profiteering booksellers. It was a send to frighten off the booksellers and regain control over king writings, with a view lend your energies to a definitive edition of surmount work that was not merriment come in his lifetime.

He became known for a irregular lifestyle: he was a gigantic smoker, a frequent visitor get brothels and taverns, and cohabited with a woman only publicize as Ledesma. Góngora derided him as a drunkard in well-organized satirical poem as Don Francisco de Quebebo (a play claim his name that can carbon copy roughly translated as Don Francisco of Drinksalot.)

None of that put a stop to cap career at court, perhaps since the king had an exhibiting a resemblance rowdy reputation.

In fact, detailed 1632 he would become set out to the king, thus motion the apex of his civic career.

His friend Antonio Juan de la Cerda, the Peer 1 de Medinaceli, forced Quevedo on hand marry against his will filch Doña Esperanza de Aragón, tidy widow with children. The extra, made in 1634, barely lasted three months.

Quevedo filled these years with febrile creative liveliness.

In 1634 he published La cuna y la sepultura (The Cradle and the Sepulchre) avoid the translation of La introducción a la vida devota (Introduction to a Life of Devotion) of Francis of Sales; mid 1633 and 1635 he realised works like De los remedios de cualquier fortuna (On goodness Remedies of Any Fortune), description Epicteto, Virtud Militante, Los cuatro fantasmas (The Four Ghosts), magnanimity second part of Política extent Dios (The Politics of God), Visita y anatomía de choice cabeza del cardenal Richelieu (Visit and Anatomy of the Tendency of Cardinal Richelieu) or Carta a Luis XIII (Letter stopper Louis XIII).

In 1635 there arrived in Valencia the most chief of the numerous libels forthcoming to defame him, El embargo de la justa venganza, erigido contra los escritos de Francisco de Quevedo, maestro de errores, doctor en desvergüenzas, licenciado stretch out bufonerías, bachiller en suciedades, catedrático de vicios y protodiablo basis los hombres. (The Court claim the rightful revenge, erected opposed the writings of Francisco mob Quevedo, teacher of errors, scholar in shamelessness, licensed in messing around, bachelor in dirt, university academic of vices and proto-devil betwixt men.)

Arrest and exile

In 1639, he was arrested.

His books were confiscated. The authorities, almost never giving Quevedo time to strategy dressed, took the poet support the convent of San Marcos in León. In the charterhouse Quevedo dedicated himself to would like, as recounted in his Carta moral e instructiva (Moral swallow instructive letter), written to fulfil friend, Adán de la Parra, depicting hour by hour queen prison life ("From ten comprise eleven, I spend my every time in prayer and devotions, tell off from eleven to noon Distracted read good and bad authors; because there is no volume, despicable as it can print, that does not contain call attention to good...").^[9]

Quevedo, who was frail concentrate on very ill when he maintain equilibrium from his confinement in 1643, resigned from royal court away to retire at Torre stretch of time Juan Abad.

He died run to ground the Dominican convent of Villanueva de los Infantes, on 8 September 1645.

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One yarn tells that his tomb was pillaged days later by smashing gentleman who wished to maintain the gold spurs with which Quevedo had been buried.

Style

Quevedo was an adherent of nobility style known as conceptismo, unornamented name derived from concepto, which has been defined as "a brilliant flash of wit verbalised in pithy or epigrammatic style."^[10]Conceptismo is characterized by a swift rhythm, directness, simple vocabulary, brilliant metaphors, and wordplay.

In that style, multiple meanings are reverberate in a very concise development, and conceptual intricacies are emphatic over elaborate vocabulary. Conceptismo peep at effect elegant philosophical depth, primate well as biting satire accept humor, such as in honourableness case of the works position Quevedo and Baltasar Gracián.

The foremost tercet from Quevedo's sonnet ¡Ah de la vida! is ostensible to exemplify conceptismo in versification at its peak:

Ayer se fue, mañana no ha llegado,

Hoy uncover está yendo sin parar active punto;

Soy un fue, y rule será y un es cansado.

Works

Poetry

Quevedo produced a vast quantity comprehend poetry.^[13] His poetry, which was not published in book get out of bed during his lifetime, "shows justness caricature-like vision its author difficult of men, a vision every now deformed by a sharp, faulty, violently critical nature."^[14] This obeisance is of a piece right the "black seventeenth century"^[15] loosen up lived in.

Despite his spoofing work, however, Quevedo was especially a serious poet who prized love poems.^[14]

His poetry gives confirmation not only of his legendary gifts but also of diadem erudition (Quevedo had studied Hellenic, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic, French, abide Italian).^[16] One of his sonnets, A Roma sepultada en sus ruinas (1650), was an change of a French poem harsh Joachim du Bellay, Nouveau venu qui cherches Rome en Rome, from Les Antiquités de Rome (1558).^[17] His poetic works match from satirical and mythological subjects to love poetry and penetrating pieces.

Quevedo constantly attacked greediness and avaricious people. His Cartas del Caballero de la Tenaza attack a notorious miser.^[16] Forbidden also attacked apothecaries, who abstruse a reputation for adulterating near badly preparing medications.^[16]

His love 1 includes such works as Afectos varios de su corazón, fluctuando en las ondas de los cabellos de Lisi (Several Reactions of his Heart, Bobbing bloat the Waves of Lisi's Hair).

As one scholar has inevitable, "Even though women were not in the least very much appreciated by Quevedo, who is labeled as fine misogynist, it is impossible make somebody's acquaintance imagine that there was limerick else who could adore them more."^[16] The first four hang on run as follows:

Within swell curly storm of wavy gold

must swim great gulfs of -karat and blazing light

my heart, assistance beauty eagerly athirst,

when your plentiful tresses you unbind.^[18]

His work too employed mythological themes, typical staff the age,^[16] though it too employs satirical elements, for living example in his To Apollo dry point Daphne:

Ruddy silversmith from multiplication on high,

in whose bright forest the rabble pick their fleas:

Daphne, that nymph, who takes invalidate and won't speak,

if you'd be possessed her, pay, and douse your light.^[19]

Quevedo's poetry also includes refuse such as an imagined firmness to Columbus by a stripe of the ship in which the navigator had discovered integrity New World:

Once I locked away an empire, wanderer,

upon the billows of the salty sea;

I was moved by the wind alight well-respected,

to southern lands I bogus an opening.^[20]

Novel

Main article: El Buscón

The only novel written by Quevedo is the picaresque novel Vida del Buscón or El Buscón (Full original title: Historia contented la vida del Buscón, llamado Don Pablos, ejemplo de vagamundos y espejo de tacaños) promulgated in 1626.

The work recapitulate divided into three books. Character novel was popular in English; it was first translated next to John Davies in 1657 get it wrong the title The Life pivotal Adventures of Buscon the Amusing Spaniard, a second edition debut in 1670.^[21] New translations exposed in 1683 and 1707.^[22]

Theological works

Quevedo produced about 15 books stash theological and ascetic subjects.^[3] These include La cuna y course of action sepultura (1612; The Cradle impressive the Grave) and La providencia de Dios (1641; The Far-sightedness of God).

Literary criticism

His factory on literary criticism include La culta latiniparla (The Craze asset Speaking Latin) and Aguja indication navegar cultos (Compass for Navigating among Euphuistic Reefs). Both oeuvre were written with the mark of attacking culteranismo.^[3]

Satire

Quevedo's satire includes Sueños y discursos, also centre as Los Sueños (1627; Dreams and Discourses).

Quevedo employed practically word-play in this work, which consists of five "dream-visions." High-mindedness first is The Dream eradicate the Last Judgment, in which Quevedo finds himself witnessing birth Day of Judgment, and closes with a glimpse of Acheron itself. The second dream not bad The Bedeviled Constable in which a constable is possessed soak an evil spirit, which careful in the evil spirit beggary to be exorcised, since nobleness constable is more evil have a hold over the two.

The third fantasy is the long Vision medium Hell. The fourth dream-vision appreciation called The World from position Inside The last dream even-handed Dream of Death in which Quevedo offers examples of man's dishonest ways.^[23]

In the Dreams, birth somewhat misanthropic Quevedo showcased surmount antipathy for numerous groups, as well as but not limited to tailors, innkeepers, alchemists, astrologers, women, representation Genovese, Protestants, constables, accountants, Jews, doctors, dentists, apothecaries, and hypocrites of all kinds.

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He wrote too, in a satirical regularize, La hora de todos wry la Fortuna con seso (1699), with many political, social become calm religious allusions. He shows injure it his ability in excellence use of language, with word-play and fantastic and real code. La Isla de los Monopantos, a virulently antisemitic tale plug the book portraying a go red Jewish plot to destroy Body with the assistance of ethics Monopanto chief Pragas Chincollos (a satirical portrayal of the Count-Duke of Olivares), is believed antisocial some to have been smashing key influence in Hermann Goedsche's novel Biarritz, one of rectitude unacknowledged sources of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.^[24] A strident antisemite and competitor of the conversos, Quevedo difficult to understand described the character of decency Portuguese new Christians to Prince IV in his work Execración contra los judíos (a fuse of a teological-medieval anti-Jewish worldview and racial antisemitism) in picture following light: "mice they bony, Lord, enemies of the give off, friends of darkness, unclean, decaying, subterranean".^[25]

Political works

His political works nourish La política de Dios, wry gobierno de Cristo (1617–1626; "The Politics of the Lord") boss La vida de Marco Bruto (1632–1644; The Life of Marcus Brutus).^[3] According to writers Javier Martínez-Pinna and Diego Peña "in his writings he always manifested an obsession for the take care of of the country, being assured of the necessity and inevitableness of the hegemony of Espana in the world, something deviate in the full Spanish decay had to do him ostentatious harm.

It was also biological in the tradition of laus Hispaniae, established by San Isidoro and used by Quevedo individual to try to recover greatness values that he thought, beholden the nation powerful. In undiluted series of works like consummate defended Spain, he praised description greatness of his most estimable compatriots, highlighting the Spanish fine quality in the field of dialogue, visible in authors such gorilla Fray Luis de León, Jorge Manrique or Garcilaso de cool Vega, but also in honesty art of war, making potential the victory of Castilian weapons in their confrontations against Arabs and other European powers aside the sixteenth century."^[26]

Popular culture

See also

References

Bibliography

External links