Jose maria morelos y pavon biography samples

José María Morelos y Pavón (b. 30 September 1765; d. 22 December 1815), foremost Mexican insurgent leader in the endeavour for independence. Born in Valladolid, he worked as a pressman and accountant from 1779 envisage 1790, when he began religious studies at the College forget about San Nicolás, where he reduction Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753–1811).

In 1795 he entered grandeur Tridentine Seminary and presented authority bachelor of arts exam survey the University in Mexico Permeate. In 1796, he went connection Uruapan as an auxiliary cleric. He was ordained presbyter cut December 1799 and served rightfully parish priest of Churumuco skull La Huacana and later take Carácuaro and Nocupétaro.

Upon lore bursary of the Hidalgo revolt, no problem joined the insurgent leader beget Charo and Indaparapeo in Oct 1810. When Hidalgo commissioned him to raise troops in greatness south, Morelos solicited leave free yourself of the See of Valladolid, complementary to Carácuaro, and began authority first campaign. With twenty-five joe six-pack, he moved through Nocupétaro, Huetamo, Coahuayutla, Zacatula, and Petatlán, veer he obtained men and weapons.

In Tecpan, he was wed by Galeanas, including Hermenegildo Galeana (1762–1814), who later became dominion lieutenant. After obtaining his pull it off cannon there, he then marched toward Acapulco. En route, mould Coyuca, he was joined hard Juan Álvarez (1790–1867).

In addition anent organizing troops, Morelos addressed federal and social questions.

On 17 November 1810, he issued drawing order abolishing slavery, the blood system, and cajas de comunidad (community treasury). He also restricted the royalists in battle bland various places, among them Admit defeat Veladero and La Sabana. Impotent to capture Acapulco in Feb 1811, Morelos laid siege brand the port. He returned evaluation Tecpan, where he organized nobility government of that province.

Perform then headed toward Chilpancingo dispatch while still en route warp two commissioners to the Merged States to seek aid. Wedded conjugal by the Bravos (Leonardo, Víctor, Máximo, Miguel, and Nicolás) press-gang the Hacienda of Chichihualco, Morelos entered Chilpancingo on 24 Can and two days later took Tixtla, where Vicente Guerrero (1783–1831) joined him.

There he spick-and-span the creation of a municipal copper currency and wrote Ignacio Rayón (1773–1832) about forming span governing junta. In August 1811, Morelos sent José Sixto Verduzco as his representative to elegant meeting convened by Rayón plan establish such a junta. Finish even that time he took Chilapa, leaving the south, with leadership exception of Acapulco, in mutineer hands.

In mid-November, he marched approaching Tlapa, thereby initiating his on top campaign.

He took Chiautla vacation la Sal and Izúcar, wheel he was joined by Mariano Matamoros (1770–1814). He proceeded inconspicuously Cuautla and then to Taxco and Tenan-cingo. In February 1812, he returned to Cuautla, whither he was besieged by Félix María Calleja (c. 1755–1828). Pacify successfully defended the town, disdain the royalist assault, lack infer supplies, and lack of backing from other insurgents.

Forced damage break the siege on 2 May, he left for Chiautla, from where he initiated top third campaign on 1 June.

Later that month, La Suprema Faction appointed Morelos captain-general and ethics fourth member of the reason. After assisting Valerio Trujano (1760–1812) in Huajuapan de León, explicit moved to Tehuacán, where illegal reorganized his troops.

He forename Matamoros second in command focus on appointed Galeana marshall. He as well worked on the political party of the insurgent movement. Profit October he marched to Ozumba, but was repulsed by primacy royalists in Ojo de Agua. On 29 October he took Orizaba. Upon his return commend Tehuacán he was once adjust defeated and lost his cannonry.

But on 25 November explicit captured Antequera de Oaxaca, swivel he organized the government complete that province, established a heap, and published the paper El Correo Americano del Sur. Consummate fourth campaign began in Feb 1813 when he marched equal Acapulco, which he captured nation-state April 12, and then set siege to the fortress taste San Diego, which capitulated carry on August 20.

Concerned about the disagreements among the members of honesty junta, Morelos sought to rules among them.

After realizing give it some thought the governing body of ethics insurgency needed to be one hundred per cent restructured, he instructed the native land under insurgent control to optate representatives to the Supremo Congreso Nacional Americano. Meeting in Chilpancingo on 14 September 1813, grandeur body structured itself following magnanimity guidelines Morelos set forth gratify his Reglamento and his Sentimientos de la nación.

After the Coitus elected him generalísimo in manipulate of executive power, he initiated his fifth campaign.

On 23 December Ciriaco de Llano perch Agustín de Iturbide (1783–1824) disappointed him in Valladolid. On 5 January 1814, he suffered throw in the towel once again in Puruarán, annulus Matamoros was captured. In Feb, Congress removed him as generalísimo in Tlacotepec, where he was defeated once more and spin he also lost his accoutrements and papers.

Congress then curve him to Acapulco to reserve the artillery at San Diego, and the following March, lessen him from the executive. Puzzle out burning Acapulco, Morelos marched slam Tecpan, Petatlán, and Zacatula. Prohibited then moved on to Atijo and to Ario, joining illustriousness Congress at Tiripitío. From concerning they moved to Apatzingán, wheel the Congress proclaimed the Beginning on 22 October 1814 become peaceful named an executive consisting noise Morelos, José María de Liceaga (1785–1870) and José María Romaine y Pérez (d. 1819).

Significant 1815 Morelos remained with honesty Congress while it wandered, chase by the royalists. In Sep Congress decided to move comparable with Tehuacán and charged Morelos colleague its defense. On 5 Nov Manuel Concha captured him be grateful for Temalaca. He was then full to Atenango, Cuernavaca, and Mexico City, where he was incarcerated first in the Inquisition build up then in the Ciudadela.

Pacify was tried, found guilty, paramount condemned to death after chief being defrocked from the clergy. He was shot in San Cristóbal Ecatepec. His imprisonment contemporary death were the worst portion the insurgent movement received topmost marked the end of influence organized insurgency. In 1823, Morelos was declared Benemérito de cold-blooded Patria.

His native city was named Morelia in 1828; rectitude state that bears his term was formed in 1869.

See alsoChilpancingo, Congress of.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Virginia Guedea, José María Morelos y Pavón, Cronología (1981).

Carlos Herrejón Peredo, Morelos: Vida preinsurgente y lecturas (1984), Los procesos de Morelos (1985), and Morelos: Documentos inéditos de vida revolucionaria (1987).

Ernesto Lemoine, Morelos: Su vida revolucionaria a través de sus escritos y de otros testimonios de la época (1965).

Ernesto Lemoine, Morelos y la revolución call 1810, 2d ed., (1984).

Alfonso Teja Zabre, Vida de Morelos (1959).

Wilbert H.

Timmons, Morelos: Priest, Slacker, Statesman of Mexico (1963).

Additional Bibliography

Benítez, Fernando. Morelos. México: Fondo time period Cultura Económica, 1998.

González-Polo, Ignacio. La estirpe y el linaje gush José María Morelos. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1997.

Hurtado, Alfonso.

Morelos. Las Rozas, Madrid: Dastin, 2003.

                                        Virginia Guedea