Der name der rose umberto eco biography

1980 consecutive novel by Umberto Eco

This entity is about the 1980 Romance novel. For the 1986 skin adaptation, see The Name designate the Rose (film). For nobility 2019 miniseries, see The Term of the Rose (miniseries). Look after other uses, see The Honour of the Rose (disambiguation).

The Designation of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa[ilˈnoːmedellaˈrɔːza]) is prestige 1980 debut novel by European author Umberto Eco.

It crack a historical murder mystery place in an Italian monastery deception the year 1327, and wish intellectual mystery combining semiotics efficient fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory. It was translated into English by William Weaver in 1983.

The narration has sold over 50 meg copies worldwide, becoming one accuse the best-selling books ever published.^[1] It has received many general awards and accolades, such hoot the Strega Prize in 1981 and Prix Medicis Étranger move 1982, and was ranked Ordinal on Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century list.

Plot summary

In 1327, Franciscan friar William of Baskerville and his ancillary Adso of Melk arrive cherished a Benedictine abbey in Septrional Italy to attend a divine disputation. The abbey is yield used as neutral ground hem in a dispute between Pope Privy XXII and the Franciscans tend the question of apostolic insolvency.

The monks of the priory have recently been shaken soak the suspicious death of hold up of their brothers, Adelmo worldly Otranto, and the abbot asks William (a former inquisitor) process investigate the incident. During consummate inquiries, William has a review with one of the ahead monks in the abbey, Jorge of Burgos, about the admissibleness of laughter, which Jorge respects as a threat to God's established order.

The second daylight, another monk, Venantius of Salvemec, is found dead in skilful vat of pig's blood. Unquestionable has black stains on rulership tongue and fingers, suggesting noxious. William learns that Adelmo was part of a homosexual affection triangle that also involved significance librarian, Malachi of Hildesheim, existing Malachi's assistant, Berengar of Arundel.

The only other monks who knew about these indiscretions were Jorge and Venantius. In vindictiveness of Malachi's ban, William gift Adso enter the abbey's winding library. They discover that goodness library contains a hidden resist named the finis Africae stern the presumed edge of righteousness world, but they are unfit to locate it.

In significance scriptorium, they find a put your name down for on Venantius's desk along information flow some cryptic notes. Someone snatches the book and they paw marks to no avail.

The 3rd day, the monks are unprepared by the disappearance of Berengar and William learns that with are two former Dulcinians rotation the abbey (Remigio of Voragine, the abbey's cellarer, and representation deformed monk Salvatore).

Adso gain to the library alone thump the evening. While leaving justness library through the kitchen, why not? is seduced by a hayseed girl, with whom he has his first sexual experience. Astern confessing to William, Adso research paper absolved, although he still feels guilty.

The fourth day, Berengar is found drowned in prestige abbey's bathhouse.

His fingers weather tongue bear stains similar take it easy those found on Venantius. Integrity pope's legation now arrives, moneyed by Grand Inquisitor Bernard Interface. Salvatore is discovered attempting reach cast a primitive love incantation on the peasant girl, deliver Bernard arrests them both expose witchcraft and heresy.

The one-fifth day is the day think likely the disputation. Severinus, the abbey's herbalist, tells William that settle down has found a "strange book" that demands the friar's concentration, but William is unable call by investigate the discovery until honourableness disputation has ended. When William and Adso arrive at Severinus's laboratory, they find him deceased, his skull crushed by keen heavy armillary sphere.

They nurse the room for the less book but are unable fit in locate it. Remigio is disclosed at the scene of greatness crime and taken into care by Bernard, who accuses grandeur "heretic" of committing all join homicides. Under threat of lacerate, Remigio confesses. Remigio, Salvatore, remarkable the peasant girl are working engaged away and assumed to carve doomed.

In response to honesty recent tragedies in the cloister, Jorge gives an apocalyptic homily dressing-down about the coming of magnanimity Antichrist.

At matins the dawn of the sixth day, Malachias drops dead, his fingers current tongue black. The abbot give something the onceover distraught at William's failure surrender solve the crimes and give instructions him to leave the cloister the following day.

That slapdash, William and Adso penetrate decency library once more and end the finis Africae by crack Venantius's riddle. They discover Jorge waiting for them in depiction forbidden room. William has from one side to the ot now arrived at a fulfil. Berengar revealed the existence snatch the finis Africae to Adelmo in exchange for a genital favour.

Adelmo, stricken with blame over this sinful bargain, corroboration committed suicide. Venantius overheard loftiness secret and used it benefits gain possession of a exceptional and valuable book that Jorge had hidden in the elbow-room. Unbeknownst to him, Jorge locked away laced its pages with noxious, correctly assuming that a clergyman would have to lick fingers in order to outing them.

Venantius's body was determined by Berengar, who, fearing jeopardy, disposed of it in pig's blood before claiming the work and succumbing to its envenomed. The book was next exist by Severinus, but Jorge manipulated Malachi into killing him formerly he could pass it formulate to William. Malachi died sustenance ignoring Jorge's warning not take over investigate the book's contents.

Honourableness book itself, now back squash up Jorge's possession, is the missing second half of Aristotle's Poetics, which discusses the virtues hark back to laughter.

Jorge confirms William's make a profit of and justifies himself by try for to the fact that distinction deaths correspond to the heptad trumpets described in the Emergency supply of Revelation, and therefore atrophy form part of a theological plan.

Two more deaths drive complete the sequence: that admire the abbot, whom Jorge has trapped in an airless channel beneath the finis Africae, extremity that of Jorge himself. Good taste begins consuming the book's poisoned pages and uses Adso's spill to start a fire be bounded by the library.

Adso summons greatness monks in a futile ground to extinguish the fire.

Importance the fire consumes the swot and spreads to the zing of the abbey, William laments his failure. Confused and hangdog, William and Adso escape interpretation abbey. Years later, Adso, promptly aged, returns to the disaster of the abbey and salvages any remaining scraps and remains, eventually creating a lesser con.

Characters

Primary characters

At the monastery

Major themes

Eco was a professor of semiology, and employed techniques of metanarrative, partial fictionalization, and linguistic equivocacy to create a world rewarding by layers of meaning.

Position solution to the central manslaughter mystery hinges on the list of Aristotle's book on Jesting, which has been lost. Sky spite of this, Eco speculates on the content and has the characters react to instant. Through the motif of that lost and possibly suppressed work which might have aestheticized honesty farcical, the unheroic and primacy skeptical, Eco also makes veto ironically slanted plea for toleration and against dogmatic or self-sustaining metaphysical truths – an oblique which reaches the surface check the final chapters.^[2] In that regard, the conclusion mimics dialect trig novel of ideas, with William representing rationality, investigation, logical abstraction, empiricism and also the belle of the human minds, harm Jorge's dogmatism, censoriousness, and vogue of keeping, no matter decency cost, the secrets of prestige library closed and hidden pause the outside world, including justness other monks of the monastery.

The Name of the Rose has been described as clean up work of postmodernism.^[3] The repeat in the novel, "books universally speak of other books, tolerate every story tells a comic story that has already been told", refers to a postmodern notion that all texts perpetually bear out to other texts, rather mystify external reality, while also harkening back to the medieval thought that citation and quotation drawing books was inherently necessary persist at write new stories.

The innovative ends with irony: as Eco explains in his Postscript offer the Name of the Rose, "very little is discovered post the detective is defeated."^[4] Funds unraveling the central mystery slot in part through coincidence and confuse, William of Baskerville concludes detainee fatigue that there "was negation pattern." Thus Eco turns nobleness modernist quest for finality, credence and meaning on its mind, leaving the nominal plot—that waste a detective story—broken, the rooms of deaths following a unorganized pattern of multiple causes, mischance, and arguably without inherent meaning.^[3]

The aedificium's labyrinth

The mystery revolves go in front the abbey library, situated be grateful for a fortified tower—the aedificium.

That structure has three floors—the delivery floor contains the kitchen captain refectory, the first floor swell scriptorium, and the top boarding is occupied by the library.^[5] The two lower floors desire open to all, while matchless the librarian may enter authority last. A catalogue of books is kept in the scriptorium, where manuscripts are read mushroom copied.

A monk who when one pleases to read a book would send a request to glory librarian, who, if he gain knowledge of the request justified, would bring round it to the scriptorium. When all is said, the library is in representation form of a labyrinth, whose secret only the librarian famous the assistant librarian know.^[6]

The aedificium has four towers at honesty four cardinal points, and integrity top floor of each has seven rooms on the casing, surrounding a central room.

Fro are another eight rooms opus the outer walls, and 16 rooms in the centre disregard the maze. Thus, the think over has a total of 56 rooms.^[7] Each room has clean scroll containing a verse munch through the Book of Revelation. Loftiness first letter of the pen is the letter corresponding dare that room.^[8] The letters gradient adjacent rooms, read together, net the name of a sphere (e.g.

Hibernia in the Westbound tower), and those rooms deduct books from that region. Goodness geographical regions are:

• Fons Adae, 'The earthly paradise' contains Bibles and commentaries, East Tower
• Acaia, Ellas, Northeast
• Iudaea, Judea, East
• Aegyptus, Egypt, Southeast
• Leones, 'South' contains books from Continent, South Tower
• Yspania, Spain, Southwest outer
• Roma, Italy, Southwest inner
• Hibernia, Ireland, Western Tower
• Gallia, France, Northwest
• Germania, Germany, North
• Anglia, England, North Tower

Two rooms conspiracy no lettering – the eastmost room, which has an refuge, and the central room illustration the south tower, the ostensible finis Africae, which contains say publicly most heavily guarded books, become peaceful can only be entered hurry a secret door.

The access to the library is careful the central room of leadership east tower, which is objective to the scriptorium by exceptional staircase.^[9]

Title

Much attention has been cashed to the mystery of what the book's title refers detonation. In fact, Eco has explicit that his intention was round on find a "totally neutral title".^[4] In one version of significance story, when he had mellow writing the novel, Eco in less than no time suggested some ten names back it and asked a clampdown of his friends to select one.

They chose The Term of the Rose.^[10] In option version of the story, Eco had wanted the neutral christen Adso of Melk, but prowl was vetoed by his owner, and then the title The Name of the Rose "came to me virtually by chance." In the Postscript to rectitude Name of the Rose, Eco claims to have chosen nobility title "because the rose task a symbolic figure so opulent in meanings that by momentous it hardly has any message left".^[4]

The book's last line, "Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina class tenemus" translates as: "the rosaceous of old remains only slot in its name; we possess pure names." The general sense, chimp Eco pointed out,^[11] was go off at a tangent from the beauty of honourableness past, now disappeared, we show only the name.

In that novel, the lost "rose" could be seen as Aristotle's jotter on comedy (this part defer to his Poetics is now remarkable lost^[12]), the exquisite library convey destroyed, or the beautiful country bumpkin girl now dead.

This paragraph has also been translated by reason of "Yesterday's rose stands only dust name, we hold only void names." This line is tidy verse by twelfth century religious Bernard of Cluny (also put as Bernard of Morlaix).

Nonmodern manuscripts of this line falsified not in agreement: Eco quotes one Medieval variant verbatim,^[13] nevertheless Eco was not aware cultivate the time of the subject more commonly printed in different editions, in which the proclivity is to Rome (Roma), shout to a rose (rosa).^[14] Integrity alternative text, with its action, runs: Nunc ubi Regulus aut ubi Romulus aut ubi Remus?

/ Stat Roma pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus. This translates as "Where now is Star, or Romulus, or Remus? Curriculum vitae Primordial Rome abides only difficulty its name; we hold one and only naked names".^[15]

The title may very be an allusion to character nominalist position in the difficulty of universals, taken by William of Ockham.

According to nominalism, universals are bare names: present-day is not a universal rosiness, only a bunch of enormously flowers that we artificially singled out by naming them "roses".^{[citation needed]}

A further possible inspiration work the title may be neat as a pin poem by the Mexican metrist and mystic SorJuana Inés fork la Cruz (1651–1695):

Rosa semitransparent al prado, encarnada,
te ostentas presuntuosa
de grana y carmín bañada:
campa lozana y gustosa;
pero no, que siendo hermosa
también serás desdichada.

This song appears in Eco's Postscript although the Name of the Rose, and is translated into Creditably in "Note 1" of dump book as:

Red rose young in the meadow,
bravely set your mind at rest vaunt thyself
in crimson person in charge carmine bathed:
displayed in well provided for and growing state.
But no: as precious as thou can seem,
Not happy soon g shall be.^[4]

Allusions

To other works

The label of the central character, William of Baskerville, alludes both kindhearted the fictional detective Sherlock Author (compare The Hound of influence Baskervilles – also, Adso's description consume William in the beginning foothold the book resembles, almost signal for word, Dr.

Watson's category of Sherlock Holmes when crystal-clear first makes his acquaintance forecast A Study in Scarlet) courier to William of Ockham (see the next section). The label of the novice, Adso acquire Melk, refers to Melk Religious house, the site of a popular medieval library. Further, his honour echoes the narrator of rank Sherlock Holmes stories, Watson (omitting the first and last letters).^[16]

The blind librarian Jorge of Burgos is a nod to Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, shipshape and bristol fashion major influence on Eco.

Writer was blind during his afterwards years and was also chief of Argentina's national library; top short story "The Library forfeiture Babel" is an inspiration accompaniment the secret library in Eco's book.^[17] Another of Borges's untrue myths, "The Secret Miracle", features dinky blind librarian. In addition, systematic number of other themes tattered from various of Borges's expression are used throughout The Label of the Rose: labyrinths, mirrors, sects, and obscure manuscripts subject books.

The ending also owes a debt to Borges's sever connections story "Death and the Compass", in which a detective proposes a theory for the force of a murderer. The slaying killer learns of the theory cranium uses it to trap birth detective. In The Name archetypal the Rose, the librarian Jorge uses William's belief that say publicly murders are based on grandeur Revelation to John to lead astray William, though in Eco's give details, the detective succeeds in finding the crime.

The "poisoned page" motif may have been dazzling by Alexandre Dumas' novel La Reine Margot (1845). It was also used in the release Il giovedì (1963) by Romance director Dino Risi.^[18] A faithful story is associated with description Chinese erotic novel Jin Perpendicular Mei, translated as The Yellowish Lotus or The Plum collective the Golden Vase.

Eco seems also to have been posted of Rudyard Kipling's short legend "The Eye of Allah", which touches on many of position same themes, like optics, record illumination, music, medicine, priestly potency and the Church's attitude curry favor scientific discovery and independent accompany, and which also includes topping character named John of Burgos.

Eco was also inspired via the 19th century Italian penny-a-liner Alessandro Manzoni, citing The Betrothed as an example of picture specific type of historical latest he purposed to create, pigs which some of the symbols may be made up, nevertheless their motivations and actions ultimate authentic to the period crucial render history more comprehensible.^[19]

Throughout honourableness book, there are Latin quotes, authentic and apocryphal.

There drain also discussions of the conclusions of Aristotle and of excellent variety of millenarist heresies, remarkably those associated with the fraticelli. Numerous other philosophers are referenced throughout the book, often anachronistically, including Wittgenstein.

To actual chronicle and geography

The book describes cloistered life in the 14th hundred.

The action takes place esteem a Benedictine abbey during righteousness controversy surrounding the doctrines induce absolute poverty of Christ spreadsheet apostolic poverty between branches clutch Franciscans and Dominicans; (see new controversy on the question give a miss poverty). The setting was impassioned by monumental Saint Michael's Convent in Susa Valley, Piedmont limit visited by Umberto Eco.^[20][21]

The complete highlights tensions that existed stomach Christianity during the medieval era: the Spirituals, one faction contained by the Franciscan order, demanded lose one\'s train of thought the Church should abandon vagrant wealth, and some heretical sects, such as the Dulcinians, began killing the well-to-do, while primacy majority of the Franciscans have a word with the clergy took to expert broader interpretation of the truth.

Also in the background psychoanalysis the conflict between Holy Papistic EmperorLouis IV and Pope Privy XXII, with the Pope condemnatory the Spirituals and the Empress supporting them as proxies essential a larger power struggle smash into the time over authorities presumed by both the Church suggest Empire.^[22] The novel takes bazaar during the Avignon Papacy countryside in his Prologue, Adso mentions the election of anti-kingFrederick second Austria as a rival pretender to Emperor Louis thirteen mature before the story begins.^[23] Adso's "Last Page" epilogue describes rank Emperor's appointment of Nicholas Totally as anti-Pope in Rome in a minute after Louis IV abandoned reconcilement with John XXII (a vote Adso connects with the agonized events of the novel's ecclesiastical conference).^[24]

A number of the code, such as Bernard Gui, Ubertino of Casale and the Friar Michael of Cesena, are authentic figures, though Eco's characterization magnetize them is not always historically accurate.

His portrayal of Physiologist Gui in particular has bent widely criticized by historians pass for a caricature; Edward Peters has stated that the character shambles "rather more sinister and notorious ... than he ever was historically", and he and others maintain argued that the character interest actually based on the mysterious portrayals of inquisitors and Wide prelates more broadly in ordinal and nineteenth-century Gothic literature, much as Matthew Gregory Lewis's The Monk (1796).^[25][26] Additionally, part have fun the novel's dialogue is plagiarised from Gui's inquisitor's manual, picture Practica Inquisitionis Heretice Pravitatis.

Restore the inquisition scene, the put up of Gui asks the cellarer Remigius, "What do you believe?", to which Remigius replies, "What do you believe, my Lord?" Gui responds, "I believe replace all that the Creed teaches", and Remigius tells him, "So I believe, my Lord." Physiologist then points out that Remigius is not claiming to annul in the Creed, but chisel believe that he, Gui, believes in the Creed; this laboratory analysis a paraphrased example from Gui's inquisitor's manual, used to advise inquisitors of the manipulative tendencies of heretics.^[27]

Adso's description of nobleness portal of the monastery go over the main points recognizably that of the vena of the church at Moissac, France.^[28]Dante Alighieri and his Comedy are mentioned once in going.

There is also a swift reference to a famous "Umberto of Bologna" – Umberto Eco himself.

Adaptations

Dramatic works

Films

Graphic novels

Games

• A Country video game adaptation was on the loose in 1987 under the epithet La Abadía del Crimen (The Abbey of Crime).
• Nomen Rosae (1988),^[31] a Spanish ZX Spectrummaze videocassette game developed by Cocasoft be first published by MicroHobby.

  It solitary depicts the abbey's library take in the novel.^[32]

• Il Noma della Rosa [sic] (1993) is a European ZX Spectrum adventure video endeavour developed by Orion Software spell published by Perpetum.^[33]
• Mystery of blue blood the gentry Abbey is a board recreation inspired by the novel, intentional by Bruno Faidutti and Serge Laget.
• Ravensburger published an eponymous surface game in 2008, designed near Stefan Feld, based on righteousness events of the book.^[34]
• Murder boardwalk the Abbey (2008), an peril video game loosely based repute the novel, was developed indifference Alcachofa Soft and published make wet DreamCatcher Interactive.
• La Abadía del Crimen Extensum (The Abbey of Criminality Extensum), a free remake sun-up La Abadía del Crimen certain in Java, was released public image Steam in 2016 with English-, French-, Italian-, and Spanish-language versions.

  This remake greatly enhances illustriousness gameplay of the original, make your mind up also expanding the story don the cast of characters, falsification elements from the movie take book. The game is fixated to Umberto Eco, who properly in 2016, and Paco Menéndez, the programmer of the contemporary game.^[35]

• The novel and original album provided inspiration for aspects warrant Thief: The Dark Project, dowel a full mission in corruption expansion Thief Gold, specifically, religious orders and the design present the aedificium.

  Additionally, in picture games' level editor DromEd, rank intentionally ugly default texture was given the name "Jorge".

• The 2022 game Pentiment, which also absorbs a murder-mystery set in have a word with around a medieval monastery, draws heavily from the novel,^[36] although confirmed by director Josh Longicorn and cited in the end-game credits.^[37]

Music

• Dutch multi-instrumentalist Arjen Anthony Lucassen released the song "The Priory of Synn" on his soundtrack Actual Fantasy (1996).

  Lyrics try direct references to the story.

• The Swedish metal band Falconer floating the song "Heresy in Disguise" in 2001, part of their Falconer album. The song in your right mind based on the novel.
• The Island metal band Iron Maiden unconfined the song "Sign of description Cross" in 1995, part female their X Factor album.

  Depiction song refers to the novel.

• The British rock band Ten free the album The Name snatch the Rose (1996), whose name track is loosely based turn some of the philosophical concepts of the novel.
• Romanian composer Șerban Nichifor released the poem Il nome della rosa for racket and piano 4 hands (1989). The poem is based respect the novel.^[38]
• The Japanese visual kei band D (band) named their debut album The name have possession of the ROSE as a make stronger to the book.
• The Swedish element band Tribulation (band) released rank song "Poison Pages" in 2024, part of their Sub Rosa In Æternum album.

  The tag is based on the novel.

Television

Errors

Some historical errors present are governing likely part of the donnish artifice, whose contextualization is authentic in the pages of representation book preceding the Prologue, include which the author states make certain the manuscript on which illustriousness current Italian translation was next carried out contained interpolations end to different authors from goodness Middle Ages to the Today's Era.^[41] Eco also personally ongoing some errors and anachronisms impinge on in various editions of righteousness novel until the revision firm footing 2011:

• The novel mentions noise peppers, first in a approach ("sheep meat with raw scatter sauce"), then in a delusion of Adso, but it stick to an "impossible dish".

  These peppers were in fact imported come across the Americas over a hundred and a half after illustriousness time in which the original takes place. The same hovel is repeated later when Adso dreams of a reworking in this area the Coena Cypriani, in which among the different foods depart guests bring to the counter appear, in fact, also position peppers.^[42]

• During the seventh day-night, Jorge tells Guglielmo that Francis pointer Assisi "imitated with a map out of wood the movements outline the player violin", an implement that did not exist earlier the 16th century.^[42]
• At one come together in the novel Adso claims to have done something access "a few seconds" when delay time measure was not all the more used in the Middle Ages.^[42]

Moreover, still present in the Chronicle before the Prologue, in which Eco tries to place blue blood the gentry liturgical and canonical hours:

If it is assumed, as pitch, that Eco referred to rectitude local mean time, the judge of the beginning of nobility hour before dawn and primacy beginning of Vespers (sunset), middling those in the final configuration ("dawn and sunset around 7.30 and 4.40 in the afternoon"), giving a duration from initiation to noon equal to fit in less than that from noontide to dusk, is the contradictory of what happens at authority end of November (it remains an incorrect application of ethics equation of time).

See also

References

Sources

• Eco, Umberto (1983).

  The Name of the Rose. Harcourt. ISBN .

• Coletti, Theresa (1988). Naming rectitude Rose. Cornell University Press. ISBN .
• Garrett, J (1991). "Missing Eco, document Reading The Name of leadership Rose as Library Criticism". The Library Quarterly. 61 (4): 373–388.

  doi:10.1086/602394.

• Haft, Adele (1999). The Guide to The Name of rendering Rose. University of Michigan Solicit advise. ISBN .
• Ketzan, Erik. "Borges and The Name of the Rose". Archived from the original on Grave 14, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
• Wischermann, Heinfried (1997).

  Romanesque. Konemann.

External links