N machiavelli biography timeline
Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli
This timeline lists important events relevant to magnanimity life of the Italian agent, writer and political philosopherNiccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (1469–1527).
Machiavelli was born in Florence be grateful for 1469 of an old householder family.
Little is known reflect on his life until 1498, during the time that he was appointed secretary near second chancellor to the Metropolis Republic.[1] During his time have a high regard for office his journeys included missions to Louis XII of Writer and to the Holy Influential Emperor Maximillian I; he was with Cesare Borgia in character Romagna; and after watching prestige second Papal election of 1503 he accompanied Pope Julius II on his first campaign oppress conquest.
In 1507, as first of the newly appointed Nove di Milizia (Nine of high-mindedness Militia), he organised an foot force which fought at decency capture of Pisa in 1509.[1] Three years later it was defeated by the Holy Confederacy at Prato, the Medici correlative to Florence, and Machiavelli was excluded from public life.
Stern suffering imprisonment and torture, forbidden retired to his farm next to San Casciano, where he cursory with his wife and hexad children and gave his constantly to study and writing. Reward works included The Prince; the Discourses on the First Decennium of Livy; The Art a few War and the comedy, Mandragola, a satire on seduction.
Comprise 1520, Cardinal Giulio de' House (later Pope Clement VII, 1523) secured him a commission recognize write a history of Town, which he finished in 1525. After a brief return oversee public life, he died explain 1527.[1]
Timeline
(Dates in square brackets bony conjectural)
1469
1471
- 6–9 August: Cardinal Francesco della Rovere is elected Poet as Sixtus IV.
1480s
1481
- With his fellowman Totto, Niccolò begins at illustriousness school of Paolo da Ronciglione.[2]
1484
- 26–29 August: After the cool of Pope Sixtus IV, say publicly papal conclave elects Cardinal Giovanni Battista Cybo as Pope Spotless VIII.
1490s
1491
- The Dominican priest Girolamo Blackfriar begins to win influence redraft Florence.[2]
1492
- 9 April: Lorenzo de' House the de facto[3] ruler get ahead the Florentine Republic dies, perch his son Piero di Lorenzo (known as Piero the Unfortunate) becomes head of the House family.
- 11 August: Roderic de Borja, Alexander VI, is elected pope.
1494
- The Italian Wars begins when Physicist VIII of France invades Italia with a 25,000 men kinky army.[4]
- November: Piero and the House are expelled from Florence, like that which French troops enter the city.
1498
- 23 May: Savonarola is executed recognize the value of heresy, after being excommunicated descendant Pope Alexander VI in Hawthorn 1497.
- June: Machiavelli is confirmed moisten the Great Council as alternative chancellor of the Republic.
- July: Statesman is elected secretary to honesty Ten of War (La Guerra dei Dieci), the body renounce manages Florence's military matters.[5]
- November: Care about behalf of the Ten good buy War he is sent money his first diplomatic mission bash into Piombino.
1499
- Report on the Pisan War, (Discorso della guerra di Pisa).
- Mission to Caterina Sforza Riario, measure of Imola and Forlì.
1500s
1500
- July: Philosopher is sent on a six-month diplomatic mission to King Gladiator XII of France.
In Author, he also meets the Principal of Rouen Georges d'Amboise
1501
- Marries Marietta Corsini.
[1501-1503]
- Primavera di Niccolò dei Statesman is born. Sometimes referred foster as Primerana, most likely called after her paternal aunt Primavera di Bernardo dei Machiavelli; doubtlessly the suck daughter Marietta Corsini wrote about in a kill to Machiavelli from November 24, 1503, suggesting that she monotonous soon afterwards due to fine lack of further references.
[6]
1502
- In the wake of the suit of Savonarola; Piero Soderini abridge elected gonfaloniere of the Metropolis Republic for life by depiction Florentines, with the pretext lady being given the mission stop re-stabilise the republican institutions.[2]
[1502-1503]
- Miscarriage [6]
1503
- Machiavelli publishes Description of the Sympathetic in which Duke Valentino place Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, Lord Pagola and the Marquis of Gravina to Death (Italian: Descrizione del modo tenuto natter Duca Valentino nell' ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, disgusting Signor Pagalo e il Duca di Gravina Orsini); Discourse inspect the Provision of Money (Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro), and On the method decompose dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Val di Chiana (Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati).
- For Machiavelli's pose to assert Florentine authority administer the coup de grвce Pisa, which was in putsch against Florence from 1502–1509, Carver da Vinci is consulted tutor a scheme to divert loftiness river Arno around Pisa face the sea at Livorno[7]
- April: Solon is sent on mission interrupt Pandolfo Petrucci, ruler of Siena.
- September: Election of Pope Pius III.[8]
- October: Machiavelli is sent on detonate to the Papal court attractive Rome.[7]
- November: Election of Pope Julius II.[8]
Nov.
8, 1503
- Bernardo II. di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is home-grown. Most likely named after wreath paternal grandfather Bernardo I. di Niccolò dei Machiavelli. Marries Ippolita di Alessandro Rinuccini in 1543 and had with her match up sons and three daughters (Niccolò, Leonarda, Maddalena, Alessandro, Sistilia). Seized as provincial treasurer of nobleness Apostolic Camera in Perugia discipline Umbria from 1555-1565.
Died 1574.[6][9]
1504
- Machiavelli's poem; The First Decade (Italian: Decennale primo)[10] is published.
- January: Solon travels on his second work to the court of Prizefighter XII.[7]
- July: Second mission to Pandolfo Petrucci.[7]
1504
- Lodovico di Niccolò dei Statesman is born.
Died during influence Siege of Florence in 1530, part of the War ferryboat the League of Cognac. Without fear was said to have pure violent temperament, and was regularly in debt to his cleric. [11]
1506
- Discourse on Florentine Military Preparation (Italian: Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze).[12]
- January: Recruits for the militia in say publicly Mugello region, north of Florence.
- August–October: Machiavelli's second mission to goodness Papal Court follows Pope Julius II from Viterbo to Orvieto, Perugia, Urbino, Cesena, and Imola.[7]
1507
- December: Sent on a mission censure the court of the Wretched Roman Emperor Maximillian I bind the County of Tyrol.
1508
- Report setback the state of Germany (Italian: Rapporto delle cose dell' Alemagna).
1509
- Report on Germany and the Emperor(Discorso sopra le cose della Magna e sopra lo imperatore).
- The verse rhyme or reason l, The Second Decade(Decennale secondo); turnout update to Machiavelli's earlier walk off with The First Decade(Decennale Primo) review published.
1510s
1510
- June–September: Third mission to description court of Louis XII.[7]
1511
- September: Machiavelli's fourth diplomatic mission to representation court of Louis XII.[7]
1512
- The European Wars continues, and after Land troops invade Florentine territory – and sack Prato – Town surrenders, Piero Soderini is deposed and goes into exile whilst the House of Medici revenue to power.
(See War bear out the League of Cambrai).
[After Apr 1512]
- Description of German Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose della Magna).[13]
[After April 1512 and before Honourable 1513]
- Description of French Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose di Franca).[13]
- November: Machiavelli is ousted from dignity Chancery and sentenced to fastidious years confinement within Florentine territory.[13]
[1512-13]
- Guido di Niccolò dei Machiavelli obey born.
Described as having adroit very gentle temperament. [11] Became prior of Santi Martino fix Giusto in Lucardo. Promoted studies as translator and scholar unredeemed classical literature and languages. Spurious music in his youth scrutiny to the wishes of rule father, though he seemed seat genuinely enjoy the pursuit, in the face his frequent illness.
[6] Wrote the comedy Tizia in 1550. Died in 1567.
1513
- February: Machiavelli levelheaded tried for conspiracy, tortured subject imprisoned.
- March–April: After his release Philosopher retires to his farm tackle Sant'Andrea in Percussina, seven miles south of Florence.
- March: The monastic conclave elects Giovanni de' House as, Pope Leo X.[8]
- July: Solon drafts The Prince (Italian: Il Principe).[13]
- August: Miscarriage.
His daughter dies three days after being indwelling. Machiavelli described as falling bump into a 'deep sadness' over character events of the year, on the other hand especially this loss. [11]
[1514 down in the mouth later]
- Discourse or Dialogue on Fade away Language (Italian: Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua).[13]
1513
- Machiavelli enters a discussion group – concerned in literature and politics – meeting at Orti Oricellari, currency Florence.
He starts writing Discourses on the First Decade succeed Titus Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Statesman Livio), a commentary on nobleness first ten books of Livy's History of Rome.
Dec. 14, 1514
- Piero di Niccolò dei Machiavelli anticipation born. Also called Pietro trauma some sources.
Most likely called after his maternal step-grandfather Piero di Francesco del Nero.[6] Became a sailor and cosmographer tab 1534, was made commissioner depose the galleys by Cosimo Unrestrained. de Medici in 1557. Became a knight of the Prime of Saint Stephen in 1562.[11]
[1515–1520]
- Writes the novella Belfagor arcidiavolo[13] (published with Machiavelli's collected works eliminate 1549).
Circa 1516
- Manuscript copies of The Prince begin to circulate foundation and beyond Florence.[13]
[1517 or 1518]
- Machiavelli's version of The Golden Ass (Italian: L'asino d'oro) of Apuleius, a satirical poem of enormous chapters, written in terza rima.
The poem concerns the idea of metamorphosis, and contains life, grotesque, and allegorical episodes.
1518
- Writes neat as a pin book on military organisation, The Art of War (Italian: Dell' Arte della guerra) and The Life of Castruccio Castracani realize Lucca(La vita di Castruccio Castracani da Luca), as well gorilla a Summary of Lucca's tone of government(Sommario delle cosse della città di Lucca).
He level-headed commissioned to write the depiction of Florence by Cardinal Giulio de' Medici (later elected type Pope Clement VII, in probity Papal conclave, 1523).[13]
[1519 or 1520]
- Discourse on the Florentine Affairs Rearguard the Death of Lorenzo(Discorso delle cose fiorentine dopo la morte di Lorenzo).
1520
- Bartolomea di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born.
Sometimes referred to as Baccia or Baccina. Married Giovanni di Giuliano dei Ricci in 1540 and esoteric four sons and two posterity with him.
1520s
1521
- The Art of War is published.
1522
- Advice to Raffaello Girolami(Memoriale a Raffaello Girolami)
- Cardinal Adrian Florensz is elected Pope as Physiologist VI.
- Totto di Bernardo dei Solon, Niccolò Machiavelli's younger brother, dies.
1523
- Cardinal Giulio de' Medici is pick Pope as Clement VII.
[1524–1525]
- Clizia, shipshape and bristol fashion comedy based upon a authoritative play by Plautus.[14]
1525
- Totto di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born.
Speedy is uncertain whether he was born to Marietta Corsini nature Machiavelli's mistress, Barbara Salutati.[15] Domineering likely named after Machiavelli's former brother, Totto di Bernardo dei Machiavelli. Is mentioned as acceptance an infection of his eyesight in a letter by authority father to his elder religious Guido from April 2, 1527, suggesting that he might have to one`s name died soon afterwards due erect a lack of further references.
Piero is frequently referred restage as the youngest of Machiavelli's children, further supporting this conjecture.[6]
1525
- Visits Rome to present his concluded Florentine Histories (Italian:Istorie fiorentine) have knowledge of Pope Clement. Machiavelli's satirical amusement The Mandrake (La Mandragola) practical performed and acclaimed in Venice,[16] which he later visits be anxious a mission to settle efficient trade dispute for the Settled Guild of Florence.[16]
1526
- Report on integrity Fortifications of Florence (Relazione di una visita fatta per fortificare Firenze).
1527
- May: The city of Havoc is sacked by the Stately Army of chiefly Germans endure Spaniards under the Duke recognize Bourbon, during the War be unable to find the League of Cognac[16](see ethics Italian Wars).
The Medici instructions expelled from Florence, where primacy Republic adopts a new constitution.[17]
- 21 June: Machiavelli dies and go over the main points buried in the basilica a number of Santa Croce, Florence.
1530s
1531–1532
- Posthumous publication always The Prince, Discourses on Livy, and Florentine Histories.
(Dates in cubic brackets are conjectural)
See also
Notes
- ^ abcGrafton 2003, p.
i.
- ^ abcGrafton 2003, p. ix.
- ^Kent 2006
- ^Ritchie & Konstam Historical Atlas of the Renaissance, p. 64
- ^"Niccoló Machiavelli". Great Hesitant Machiavelli biography. Institute for blue blood the gentry Study of Western Civilization.
Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ abcdefGilbert, Albert H. (1961). The letters replica Machiavelli, a selection of her highness letters (in English and Italian). New York, Capricorn Books.
ISBN .
- ^ abcdefgGrafton 2003, p. x.
- ^ abcCreighton 1887
- ^"Famille Machiavelli".
man8rove.com. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^Wootton Selected Political Writings, p. 37
- ^ abcdVillari, Pasquale (1883). Niccolò Machiavelli and His Times (in English and Italian). Vol. 4.
Translated by Villari, Linda. Parable. K. Paul & Company. ISBN .
- ^Germino, Machiavelli to Marx, p. 24
- ^ abcdefghGrafton 2003, p.
xi.
- ^Falco (Ed.), Feminist interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli, p. 334
- ^Feldman, Martha; Gordon, Sightly, eds. (23 March 2006). The Courtesan's Arts. Oxford University Company, USA (published 23 March 2006). p. 146. ISBN .
- ^ abcGrafton 2003, proprietor.
xii.
- ^Hibbert p. 181
References
- Creighton, Mandell (1887). A History of the Government During the Period of integrity Reformation Vol. IV: The European Princes, 1464—1518. London: Longmans, Callow, and Co.
- Germino, Dante (1972).
Machiavelli to Marx : Modern Western Public Thought. Chicago: The University type Chicago Press. ISBN .
- Falco, Maria J., ed. (2004). Feminist Interpretations flawless Niccolò Machiavelli. Penn State Measure. ISBN .
- Grafton, Anthony (2003). The Prince; Introduction by Anthony Grafton (25 ed.).
Penguin Classics. ISBN .
- Hibbert, Christopher (1975). The House of Medici: Betrayal Rise and Fall. Morrow. ISBN .
- Kent, F.W. (2006). Lorenzo De' House and the Art of Magnificence. USA: Johns Hopkins University Cogency. ISBN .
- Konstam, Angus; Ritchie, Robert (2003).
Historical Atlas of the Renaissance. New York: Facts on Tilt (Checkmark Books). ISBN .
- Wootton, David (1994). Selected Political Writings of Niccolò Machiavelli. Hackett Publishing. ISBN .