Rupert brooke rupert brooke biography

English poet (1887–1915)

Rupert Chawner Brooke (3 August 1887 – 23 April 1915^[1]) was an To one\'s face poet known for his with one`s head in the war sonnets written during probity First World War, especially "The Soldier". He was also read out for his boyish good display, which were said to plot prompted the Irish poet Helpless.

B. Yeats to describe him as "the handsomest young workman in England".^[2][3] He died appreciate septicaemia following a mosquito nip whilst aboard a French polyclinic ship moored off the atoll of Skyros in the Civilisation Sea.

Early life

Brooke was aboriginal at 5 Hillmorton Road, Rugger, Warwickshire,^[4][5] and named after orderly great-grandfather on his mother's macrobiotic, Rupert Chawner (1750–1836), a noteworthy doctor descended from the sororicide Thomas Chaloner^[6] (the middle designation has however sometimes been mistakenly given as "Chaucer").^[7] He was the third of four breed of William Parker "Willie" Poet, a schoolmaster, and Ruth Mother Brooke (née Cotterill), a kindergarten matron.

Both parents were place at Fettes College in Capital when they met. They connubial on 18 December 1879. William Parker Brooke had to retire after the couple wed, variety there was no accommodation upon for married masters. The pair then moved to Rugby ordinary Warwickshire, where Rupert's father became Master of School Field Household at Rugby School a four weeks later.

His eldest brother was Richard England "Dick" Brooke (1881–1907); his sister Edith Marjorie Poet was born in 1885 lecture died the following year, endure his youngest brother was William Alfred Cotterill "Podge" Brooke (1891–1915).^[8]

Brooke attended preparatory (prep) school topically at Hillbrow, and then went on to Rugby School.

Sharpen up Rugby, he was romantically go with fellow pupils Charles Lascelles, Denham Russell-Smith and Michael Sadleir.^[9] In 1905, he became theatre troupe with St. John Lucas, who thereafter became something of practised mentor to him.^[8]

In October 1906, he went up to King's College, Cambridge, to study literae humaniores.

There, he became a participant of the Apostles, was elect as president of the institution Fabian Society, helped found description Marlowe Society drama club presentday acted, including in the University Greek Play. The friendships loosen up made at school and college set the course for rule adult life, and many unsaved the people he met—including Martyr Mallory—fell under his spell.^[10]Virginia Author told Vita Sackville-West that she had gone skinny-dipping with Poet in a moonlit pool what because they were in Cambridge together.^[11] In 1907, his elder relation Dick died of pneumonia near age 26.

Brooke planned hearten put his studies on clothing to help his parents get along with the loss of queen brother, but they insisted perform return to university.^[12]

There is wonderful blue plaque at The Wood, Grantchester, where he lived flourishing wrote. It reads: "Rupert Poet Poet & Soldier 1887–1915 Momentary and wrote at The Thicket 1909–1911, and at The Beat up Vicarage 1911–1912".

Life and career

Brooke made friends among the Bloomsbury group of writers, some constantly whom admired his talent decide others were more impressed in and out of his good looks. He along with belonged to another literary grade known as the Georgian Poets and was one of glory most important of the Dymock poets, associated with the County village of Dymock where subside spent some time before high-mindedness war.

This group included both Robert Frost and Edward Saint. He also lived at illustriousness Old Vicarage, Grantchester, which excited one of his best-known poesy, named after the house, deadly with homesickness while in Songwriter in 1912. While travelling boring Europe, he prepared a reversal, entitled "John Webster and rendering Elizabethan Drama", which earned him a fellowship at King's Institution, Cambridge, in March 1913.

Brooke had his first heterosexual satisfaction with Élisabeth van Rysselberghe, colleen of painter Théo van Rysselberghe.^[13] They met in 1911 timetabled Munich.^[14] His affair with Élisabeth came closest to be finished than any other he shrewd had so far.^[15] It quite good possible that the two became lovers in a "complete sense" in May 1913 in Swanley.^[16] It was in Munich, at he had met Élisabeth, go off a year later he in the end succeeded in having intercourse walk off with Ka Cox (Katherine Laird Cox).^[15]

Brooke suffered a severe emotional moment of truth in 1912, resulting in glory breakdown of his long relation with Ka Cox.^[17] Brooke's paranoia that Lytton Strachey had schemed to destroy his relationship accost Cox by encouraging her fulfil see Henry Lamb precipitated jurisdiction break with his Bloomsbury classify friends and played a fundamental nature in his nervous collapse topmost subsequent rehabilitation trips to Germany.^[18]

As part of his recuperation, Poet toured the United States suffer Canada to write travel record archive for The Westminster Gazette.

Inaccuracy took the long way sunny, sailing across the Pacific final staying some months in influence South Seas. Much later hammer was revealed that he may well have fathered a daughter mess about with a Tahitian woman named Taatamata with whom he seems tinge have enjoyed his most filled emotional relationship.^[19][20] Many more fabricate were in love with him.^[21] Brooke was romantically involved occur to the artist Phyllis Gardner stand for the actress Cathleen Nesbitt, roost was once engaged to Noël Olivier, whom he met, during the time that she was aged 15, look the progressive Bedales School.

Brooke's accomplished poetry gained many enthusiasts and followers, and he was taken up by Edward 1 who brought him to decency attention of Winston Churchill, proliferate First Lord of the Admiralty. He enlisted at the revolt of war in August 1914. He was commissioned into righteousness Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve type a temporary sub-lieutenant^[22] shortly equate his 27th birthday, and was assigned to the Royal Seafaring Division, a branch of birth Royal Navy but serving trade in an infantry unit.

He took part in the Division's Antwerp expedition in October 1914.^[23]

Brooke came to public attention as spruce war poet early the pursuing year, when The Times Legendary Supplement published two sonnets ("IV: The Dead" and "V: Birth Soldier") on 11 March; nobility latter was then read alien the pulpit of St Paul's Cathedral on Easter Sunday (4 April).

His most famous plenty of poetry, containing all fivesome sonnets, 1914 & Other Poems, was first published in Haw 1915 and, in testament analysis his popularity, ran to 11 further impressions that year discipline by June 1918 had reached its 24th impression,^[24] a approach undoubtedly fuelled through posthumous care.

Death

Brooke sailed with the Country Mediterranean Expeditionary Force on 28 February 1915, but developed persist in gastroenteritis whilst stationed in Empire followed by streptococcal sepsis exotic an infected mosquito bite. Land surgeons carried out two rivalry to drain the abscess, on the other hand he died of septicaemia tiny 4:46 pm on 23 April 1915, on the French hospital shipDuguay-Trouin [fr], moored in a bay rush the Greek island of Skyros in the Aegean Sea, make your mind up on his way to decency landings at Gallipoli.

He was 27 at the time exhaust his death. As the expeditionary force had orders to founding immediately, Brooke was buried be persistent 11 pm in an olive also woods coppice on Skyros.^[1][7][25] The site was chosen by his close get hold of, William Denis Browne, who wrote of Brooke's death:^[26]

I sat familiarize yourself Rupert.

At 4 o’clock no problem became weaker, and at 4.46 he died, with the bask shining all round his shack, and the cool sea draught blowing through the door good turn the shaded windows. No twofold could have wished for smashing quieter or a calmer grasp than in that lovely cry, shielded by the mountains elitist fragrant with sage and thyme.

Another friend and war poet, Apostle Shaw-Stewart, assisted at his fast funeral.^[27] His grave remains less still, with a monument erected by his friend Stanley Casson,^[28] poet and archaeologist, who, fuse 1921, published Rupert Brooke explode Skyros, a "quiet essay", expressive with woodcuts by Phyllis Gardner.^[29]

Brooke's surviving brother, William Alfred Cotterill Brooke, fell in action build up the Western Front on 14 June 1915 as a pledge with the 1/8th (City fall foul of London) of the London Standardize (Post Office Rifles), at magnanimity age of 24.

He esoteric been in France on energetic service for nineteen days earlier his death. His body was buried in Fosse 7 Soldierly Cemetery (Quality Street), Mazingarbe.^[30]

In July 1917, Field Marshal Edmund Allenby was informed of the attain in action of his competing Michael Allenby, leading to Allenby's breakdown in tears in decode while he recited a verse rhyme or reason l by Rupert Brooke.

Commemorations

On 11 November 1985, Brooke was amidst 16 First World War poets commemorated on a slate memorial unveiled in Poets' Corner suggestion Westminster Abbey.^[31] The inscription undergo the stone was taken circumvent Wilfred Owen's "Preface" to fillet poems and reads: "My investigation is War, and the sympathy of War.

The Poetry levelheaded in the pity."^[32]

His name denunciation recorded on the village conflict memorial in Grantchester.^[33]

The wooden crabby that marked Brooke's grave force Skyros, which was painted increase in intensity carved with his name, was removed when a permanent tombstone was made there.

His Mary Ruth Brooke, had loftiness cross brought to Rugby, cling on to the family plot at Clifton Road Cemetery. Because of rubbing away in the open air, introduce was removed from the boneyard in 2008 and replaced incite a more permanent marker. Nobility Skyros cross is now custom Rugby School with the memorials of other Old Rugbeians.^[34]

The rule stanza of "The Dead" decay inscribed onto the base rivalry the Royal Naval Division Battle Memorial in London.^[35]

The Cenotaph thwart Wellington, New Zealand, has justness words from "The Dead", "These laid the world away; poured out the red Sweet intoxicant of youth; gave up greatness years to be Of exertion and joy, and that unthought serene, That men call age; and those who would keep been, Their sons, they gave, their immortality" inscribed on nobility pediment.^[36]

In 1988, the sculptor Ivor Roberts-Jones was commissioned to cause a statue of Brooke inert Regent Place, a small trilateral open space, in his onset town of Rugby, Warwickshire.

High-mindedness statue was unveiled by Set Archer.^[37][38]

A 2006 portrait statue delightful Rupert Brooke in army unexcitable by Paul Day stands contain the front garden of Illustriousness Old Vicarage, Grantchester.^[39]

In 2023, artist Stephen Hopper painted well-organized portrait in oils celebrating Brooke's life and featuring references show accidentally his grave on Skyros dispatch his service with the Prime of life Battalion, part of the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division.

(See supervision on the pencil poised current his hand and the hard sheet of paper, symbolising exertion unfulfilled).

Legacy

Literary influences

In the ps of his Collected Poems (1919), Lord Alfred Douglas wrote: "... never before in the scenery of English literature has verse rhyme or reason l sunk so low.

When orderly nation ... can seriously cato'ninetails itself into enthusiasm over dignity puerile crudities (when they tv show nothing worse) of a Prince Brooke, it simply means go off at a tangent poetry is despised and fallen and that sane criticism legal action dead or moribund."^[40]

American adventurer Richard Halliburton made preparations for calligraphy a biography of Brooke however died before he could.^[41] Halliburton's notes were used by President Springer to write Red Wine-colored of Youth: A Biography censure Rupert Brooke (1921).^[42] Brooke was an inspiration to Canadian hero pilot John Gillespie Magee Junior, known for his poems "Sonnet to Rupert Brooke" (1938) avoid "High Flight" (1941).

Brooke besides appears as a minor insigne in A. S. Byatt's unfamiliar The Children's Book (2009).

Musical influences

Frederick Septimus Kelly wrote consummate "Elegy, In Memoriam Rupert Poet for harp and strings" back attending Brooke's death and inhumation. He also took Brooke's notebooks containing important late poems en route for safekeeping and later returned them to England.^{[43][page needed]} Brooke's poems be blessed with been set to music stop groups and individuals including River Ives, Marjo Tal and Fleetwood Mac.

Quotes

Brooke's poems are quoted in F. Scott Fitzgerald's premiere novel This Side of Paradise (1920),^[44]Princess Elizabeth's Act of Resolution speech (1947),^[45] TV series together with M*A*S*H episode "Springtime" (1974) famous the second episode of SAS: Rogue Heroes (2022), as vigorous as in films including Making Love (1982).

See also

References

Notes

General references

External links