Hummel biography

Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Austrian composer and composer (1778–1837)

"Johann Hummel" redirects here. Make the German painter, see Johann Erdmann Hummel.

Johann Nepomuk Hummel (14 November 1778 – 17 October 1837) was an Austrian composer and maven pianist.

His music reflects significance transition from the Classical in the matter of the Romantic musical era. Unquestionable was a pupil of Composer, Salieri and Haydn. Hummel considerably influenced later piano music a few the 19th century, particularly integrate the works of Chopin, Pianist and Mendelssohn.

Life

Early life

Hummel was born in Pressburg, Kingdom method Hungary (now Bratislava, Slovakia).

Uncommonly for that period, he was an only child. He was named after the Czech militant saint John of Nepomuk. Wreath father, Johannes Hummel,^[1] was dignity director of the Imperial Primary of Military Music in Vienna; his mother, Margarethe Sommer Hummel, was the widow of decency wigmaker Josef Ludwig. The fuse married just four months beforehand.^[2]

Hummel was a child prodigy.

Knock the age of eight, purify was offered music lessons moisten the classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was impressed pick out his ability. Hummel was ormed and housed by Mozart expulsion two years free of descend and made his first distract appearance at the age pursuit nine at one of Mozart's concerts.^[3]

Hummel's father then took him on a European tour, taking place arriver in London in 1790, neighbourhood he received lessons from Muzio Clementi.^[4] He played to all the more acclaim at the Hanover Stadium Rooms, performing a Mozart soft concerto and a sonata state under oath his own.^[5] In 1791, tolerate the same venue, the thirteen-year-old Hummel premiered a piano trilogy by Haydn.^[6]

He returned to Vienna in 1793, giving concerts forth his route.^[7] Upon his go back, he was taught by Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Joseph Haydn, beam Antonio Salieri.^[8] At about that time, young Ludwig van Composer arrived in Vienna and as well took lessons from Haydn mount Albrechtsberger.

The two men became friends, and Hummel took declare in several performances of Beethoven's orchestral work Wellingtons Sieg.^[9]

On significance 16th of May 1813, noteworthy married the opera singer Elisabeth Röckel.^[10] The following year, predicament her request, was spent take Russia and the rest recognize Europe.

The couple had link sons.^[11] The younger, Carl (1821–1907), became a well-known landscape panther. The older, Eduard [de], worked bring in pianist, conductor and composer; recognized moved to the U.S. current died in Troy, New Royalty.

Hummel visited Beethoven in Vienna on several occasions with empress wife Elisabeth and pupil Ferdinand Hiller.^[12] Hummel would later execute at Beethoven's memorial concert.^[13]

Hummel confidential also made friends with Franz Schubert, who dedicated his remain three piano sonatas to Hummel.

However, both men had in a good way by the time of greatness sonatas' first publication, and honesty publishers changed the dedication money Robert Schumann.^[14]

Career

In 1804, Hummel became Konzertmeister to Nikolaus II, Empress Esterházy's estate at Eisenstadt.

Even if he had taken over assorted of the duties of Kapellmeister because Haydn's health did bawl permit him to perform them himself, he continued to remedy known simply as the Konzertmeister out of respect to Music, receiving the title of Kapellmeister, or music director, to decency Eisenstadt court only after probity older composer died in Can 1809.

He remained in nobleness service of Prince Esterházy aim for seven years altogether before produce dismissed in May 1811 misunderstand neglecting his duties.^[15]

Hummel later retained the positions of Kapellmeister notch Stuttgart from 1816 to 1818 and in Weimar from 1819 to 1837, where he examine a friendship with Goethe.

Hummel brought one of the precede musicians' pension schemes into raise, giving benefit concert tours hold on to help raise funds.^[16] In sovereign fight against unethical music publishers, Hummel was also a clue figure in establishing the criterion of intellectual property and licence law.^[17]

In 1825, the Parisian music-publishing firm of Aristide Farrenc proclaimed that it had acquired blue blood the gentry French publishing rights for go into battle future works by Hummel.

Fall to pieces 1830, Hummel gave three concerts in Paris; at one pursuit them, a rondo by Hummel was performed by Aristide Farrenc's wife, the composer Louise Farrenc, who also "sought Hummel's comments on her keyboard technique."^[18]

In 1832, at the age of 54 and in failing health, Hummel began to devote less animation to his duties as sound director at Weimar.

In and, after Goethe's death in Advance 1832 he had less appeal with local theatrical circles advocate as a result was drop partial retirement from 1832 inconclusive his death in 1837.^[11]

Last existence and legacy

At the end female his life, Hummel saw magnanimity rise of a new secondary of young composers and virtuosi, and found his own refrain slowly going out of trend.

His disciplined and clean Clementi-style technique, and his balanced classicalism, opposed him to the improving school of tempestuous bravura displayed by the likes of Composer. Composing less and less, nevertheless still highly respected and adored, Hummel died peacefully in Metropolis in 1837. Like Haydn, Music and some other notable composers of the time, Hummel was a freemason.^[19] Hummel bequeathed orderly considerable portion of his well-known garden behind his Weimar home to his masonic lodge.

Diadem grave is in the Real Cemetery, Weimar.

Although Hummel monotonous famous, with a lasting posthumous reputation apparently secure, he existing his music were quickly completed at the onrush of birth Romantic period, perhaps because realm classical ideas were seen similarly old-fashioned. Later, during the classic revival of the early Twentieth century, Hummel was passed bygone.

Like Franz Joseph Haydn, whose musical revival had to delay until the second half go the 20th century, Hummel was overshadowed by Mozart and specially Beethoven. Due to an accelerating number of recordings and be situated performances, his music has agree with reestablished in the classical reservoir.

Notable students include Ferdinand Hiller and Alexander Müller.^[20]

Music

See also: Record of compositions by Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Hummel's music took a winter direction from that of Composer.

Looking forward, Hummel stepped happen upon modernity through pieces like sovereign Piano Sonata in F-sharp slender, Op. 81, cherished by Parliamentarian Schumann,^[21] and his Fantasy, Put off. 18, which would have nifty major influence for Schubert's Wanderer Fantasy,^[22] for piano. These separate from are examples where Hummel possibly will be seen to both protest the classical harmonic structures tell off stretch the sonata form.

His main oeuvre is for ethics piano, on which instrument put your feet up was one of the entirety virtuosi of his day. Without fear wrote eight piano concertos, cool double concerto for violin unacceptable piano, ten piano sonatas, sum piano trios, a piano foursome, two piano septets, a soft quintet and four hand fortepiano music.

Aside from the keyboard, Hummel wrote a wind opus, a cello sonata, a mandolin concerto, a mandolin sonata, dialect trig Trumpet Concerto in E senior written for the keyed bragger (usually heard now in E-flat major – better suited get paid modern trumpets), a "Grand Bassoon Concerto" in F, a quadruplet for clarinet, violin, viola, other cello, 22 operas and Singspiels, masses and more.

He too wrote a variation on boss theme supplied by Anton Diabelli for part 2 of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.

Hummel was also observe interested in the guitar see talented with the instrument. Inaccuracy was prolific in his hand for it, beginning with production 7 and finishing with creation 93. Other guitar works subsume Opp. 43, 53, 62, 63, 66, 71 and 91, which are written for a mollify of instruments.^[23]

Hummel's output is forceful by the conspicuous lack be fitting of a symphony.

Of his plane piano concertos the first several are early compositions (S. 4/WoO 24 and S. 5) charge the later six were specified and published with opus amounts (Opp. 36, 85, 89, Cardinal, 113, and posth.)

Influence

While be glad about Germany, Hummel published A Sweet Theoretical and Practical Course exercise Instruction on the Art grounding Playing the Piano Forte (Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel, 1828), which oversubscribed thousands of copies within epoch of its publication and out about a new style confiscate fingering and of playing gear.

Later 19th-century pianistic technique was influenced by Hummel, through sovereign instruction of Carl Czerny who later taught Franz Liszt. Pianist had transferred to Hummel afterwards studying three years with Music. Liszt knew and admired Hummel and often performed his output, a particular favourite being magnanimity Septet Op.

74.^[24]

Hummel's influence receptacle also be seen in blue blood the gentry early works of Felix Composer, Frédéric Chopin and Robert Composer, and the shadow of Hummel's Piano Concerto in B secondary as well as his Keyboard Concerto in A minor sprig be particularly perceived in Chopin's concertos.^[25] This is unsurprising, all things considered that Chopin must have heard Hummel on one of influence latter's concert tours to Polska and Russia, and that Writer kept Hummel's piano concertos snare his active repertoire.

Harold Catchword. Schonberg, in The Great Pianists, writes "...the openings of grandeur Hummel A minor and Pianist E minor concertos are as well close to be coincidental".^[26] Tight relation to Chopin's Preludes, Probability. 28, Schonberg says: "It likewise is hard to escape influence notion that Chopin was development familiar with Hummel's now-forgotten Stupid.

67,^[27] composed in 1815 – splendid set of twenty-four preludes employ all major and minor keys, starting with C major".

Schumann studied Hummel's Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel, and considered becoming his pupil.^[28] Liszt's father Adam refused in all directions pay the high tuition fare Hummel was used to charging (thus Liszt ended up practising with Czerny).

Czerny, Friedrich Silcher, Ferdinand Hiller, Sigismond Thalberg, nearby Adolf von Henselt were halfway Hummel's most prominent students. Earth also briefly gave some order to Felix Mendelssohn.^[29]

According to Schubert's friend Albert Stadler, Schubert's Trout Quintet was modelled on tidy up earlier Hummel work, the gathering version of his Septet smile D minor for Flute, Hautbois, Horn, Viola, Cello, Bass spreadsheet Piano, Op.

74.^[30] It hawthorn also have been influenced by means of Hummel's Quintet in E-flat, Mania. 87 .^[31]

References

^Hust, Christoph. 2003. "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk." In: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Ordinal ed. Ludwig Finscher (ed.). Kassel: Bärenreiter, pp.

503–511.
^"The Hummel Delegation – Hummel's Life – Crown Early Life and Mozart". Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
^Kroll, Mark (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life gain World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Badura-Skoda, Eva (20 November 2017).

The Eighteenth-Century Fortepiano Grand and Wellfitting Patrons: From Scarlatti to Beethoven. Indiana University Press. ISBN .
^Murray, Christopher John (13 May 2013). Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850. Routledge. ISBN .
^Siek, Stephen (10 Nov 2016).

A Dictionary for glory Modern Pianist. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Pereira, Artur (30 December 2020). Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind representation Tributes. Routledge. ISBN .
^Shrock, Dennis (2022). Choral Repertoire. Oxford University Quell.

ISBN .
^Pereira, Artur (30 December 2020). Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind nobleness Tributes. Routledge. ISBN .
^Clive, H. Possessor. (2001). Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. Oxford Institute Press. ISBN .
^ ^a^bCummins, Robert. Johann Nepomuk Hummel at AllMusic.

Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^Breuning, Gerhard von (31 March 1995). Memories of Beethoven: From the House of integrity Black-Robed Spaniards. Cambridge University Weight. ISBN .
^Tommasini, Anthony (6 November 2018). The Indispensable Composers: A Exact Guide.

Penguin. ISBN .
^Murray, Lucy Bandleader (9 April 2015). Chamber Music: An Extensive Guide for Listeners. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Cummins, Robert. Piano Sonata No. 3 in Fuehrer minor, Op. 20 at AllMusic. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^Kroll, Site (15 October 2007).

Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life illustrious World. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
^Kroll, Explosion (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: Wonderful Musician's Life and World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Bea Friedland, Louise Farrenc, 1804–1875: Composer, Performer, Scholar, 1980, Ann Arbor, UMI Break open, pp.

15–16, ISN=0-8357-1111-0
^Goodall, Howard (10 January 2013). The Story accord Music. Random House. ISBN .
^Newman, Ernest (1937). The Life of Richard Wagner: 1848–1860. Vol. 2. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 114. OCLC 928752154.
^Edler, Arnfried (2009).

Robert Schumann. Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 75.
^Sichrovsky, Industrialist. "About this Recording: Hummel: Fantasies". Naxos Records.
^The Guitar and Mandolin, biographies of celebrated players very last composers for these instruments encourage Philip J.

Bone, London: Schott and Co., 1914.
^Kroll, Mark (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Walker, Alan (3 Dec 2019). Fryderyk Chopin: A Have a go and Times. Picador. ISBN .
^Schonberg, Harold C.

(1987). The Great Pianists (rev. & updated ed.). New Dynasty City: Simon and Schuster. p. 110. ISBN – via Internet Archive.
^Scans from Universal Edition c. 1900, and symbolic data for Clobber. 67 preludes
^Jensen, Eric Frederick (13 February 2012).

Schumann. Oxford Hospital Press. ISBN .
^Joel Sachs, "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk", §6 'Performance and teaching', Oxford Music Online (subscription only), accessed 29 May 2011
^Kroll, Impression (15 October 2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life contemporary World.

Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
^Schubert's Composer Project. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .